INTRODUCTION

In this unit we’ll look at a few of the preposiciones (prepositions) in Spanish, when they’re used and what they express. Pay special attention to the examples.

THE PREPOSITIONS IN SPANISH

Introduction

In the following unit we’ll continue with the verb. We’ll explain the preterito imperfecto, the pretérito perfecto simple and the pretérito perfecto compuesto, the difference between them and their uses. A diagram will be used to illustrate the verb endings of the perfect tense and the verbal forms with a model for each conjugation. We’ll dedicate a section to discuss the verbs with se, since they usually cause some confusion in Spanish

THE PRETÉRITO IMPERFECTO

THE VERB III: SER (TO BE), ESTAR (TO BE) & HABER (TO HAVE)
The verbs ser, estar and haber are irregular and used very frequently in Spanish.

PRESENT SER:
Yo soy
Tú eres
Él/ella/usted es
Nosotros/-as somos
Vosotros/-as sois
Ellos/-as son
USES OF THE VERB SER:
1. Identifying a person:

• Ella es Ana y él es Juan. (She is Ana and he is Juan)
• Este edificio es un palacio. (This building is a palace)

2. Profession:

THE VERB II
PRESENT-TENSE . IRREGULAR VERBS
Verbos irregulares (irregular verbs) don’t follow a set rule in all their forms. The cause can be phonetic changes, meaning some vowel or consonant changes.
For example, with the verb querer (to want or love) the three forms of the singular maintain –ie while in the plural form it loses the –i and maintains only the –e. With poder (to be able to), the second and third person in plural lose the –u. With coger (to get), the first person singular is written with a –j while for the rest of its forms it maintains the –g.
Following are a few of the most frequent irregular verbs.
There are various types of verbos irregulares (irregular verbs):
By a change in vowels:
e > ie: querer
o > ue: poder

INTRODUCTION

TONIC PERSONAL PRONOUNS

The tonic pronouns are those that can function as:

INTRODUCTION

In this lesson we’ll dedicate a section to the personal pronouns (tonic and atonic) and another for the pronouns called pronombres objeto acting as direct and indirect objects, and we’ll take a look at when they’re used.

CONTENTS

PRONOMBRES PERSONALES (PERSONAL PRONOUNS)

Atonic personal pronouns

Tonic personal pronouns:

a) complemento directo (direct object)

b) complemento indirecto (indirect object)

TYPES OF ADJETIVOS (ADJECTIVES):

• Descriptive (calificativos)
• Limiting (demostrativos)
• Possessive (posesivos)
• Numerals: cardinals and ordinals (numerales:ordinales y cardinales)

ADJETIVOS CALIFICATIVOS (DESCRIPTIVE ADJECTIVES): this indicates a quality and property of an accompanying noun. It can be placed before or behind the name. Examples of Descriptive adjectives when the gender changes.

INTRODUCTION

The Spanish adjective.

In this unit we’ll explain the adjetivo (adjective) in Spanish. As opposed to other languages, such as English, the adjetivo agrees in gender (masculino and femenino) and in number (singular and plural) with the noun it modifies. There are two types of adjetivos:

THE ARTICLE (ARTÍCULO)